There are a ton of downloadable glass measurements apps that you can use. When measuring, ensure that you don’t press too hard on the glass and break it accidentally. You only need to follow precautions to avoid breaking the glass. If used properly, this is a very efficient instrument. After you get the readings, you’ll then need to adjust for any errors. Adjust the vernier calipers and note down the readings. You first need to set it to get a precise value and measure the aquarium wall thickness. This is another good instrument you can use to measure the thickness of the glass you plan to use for your fish tank. That makes it the perfect tool for you to check the glass thickness of your already existing aquarium glass. The instrument is available in hardware shops, and you can use it to measure the thickness of your glass. The laser reflects on the glass’s surface, and the radiation allows the thickness to show on the instrument’s gauge. MIG Laser Gauge is a high-efficiency tool used to measure glass thickness via laser. If your aquarium measurements are exact, the calculator should give you the thickness required for the fish tank. All you need to do is input the aquarium measurements plus the safety factor, and it’ll calculate the thickness you need. You can find a standard thickness calculator online. Here are some ways and tools that you can use. If you already know your aquarium’s perimeter measurements (the length, the width, and the height), the next step is to find out the perfect glass thickness based on the safety factor. How Do I Measure the Fish Tank Glass Thickness? To build a successful aquarium, the glass thickness should withstand the water pressure inside the aquarium. In other words, can it keep the water from breaking and shattering the glass? This thickness determines if the glass will withstand the water pressure depending on the depth of the aquarium. When building an aquarium, glass thickness is significant. Aquarium glass thickness refers to the thickness of the glass plate. It bends to a certain degree and then breaks. Generally, glass is brittle and cannot deform like other metals. What Does Aquarium Glass Thickness Mean, and Does It Matter? He further notes that the joining compound used when building an aquarium should be at least 0.5 to 1 mm (0.02 to 0.039 in) thick to cover any irregularities on the glass edges.Īlthough this factor isn’t an absolute safety guarantee, it reduces the risk of glass failure brought about by damaged or poor-quality glass. Because of this, a safety factor of 3.8 is used to measure the thickness of the glass.Īccording to Warren Stilwell, the safety factor accounts for the glass variability in the manufacturing process. The tensile strength varies from 19.3 to 28.4 megapascals depending on how the glass was produced. The quality of glass also depends on the manufacturer. Therefore it doesn’t guarantee a safe home for your fish. Tempered glass doesn’t hold and is likely to be shattered entirely from a small crack. Laminated glass, toughened glass, and polycarbonate plastic are also good options.įor a robust and durable fish tank, experts advise people to avoid tempered glass. Annealed glass is not easily shattered and can be repaired when it is broken, which makes it the perfect choice for a fish tank. The best glass choice for an aquarium in the market is annealed glass (also known as ‘plate’ glass). It’s, therefore, vital to ensure that the glass you use is strong enough to withstand this weight. One gallon (3.9 liters) of water weighs a whopping 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms). What Is the Perfect Fish Tank Glass Thickness? In this article, you’ll learn about the correct glass thickness for different size fish tanks and understand how to measure and calculate the right thickness based on an acceptable safety factor. You can measure the ideal thickness with online calculators, a MIG laser gauge, or vernier calipers. Experts recommend using a safety factor of 3.8 when calculating a suitable glass thickness. But have you ever wondered how its glass withstands the pressure of the water? There are many answers to this question, but generally, the answer lies in the glass’s thickness!Ī fish tank’s glass thickness is calculated based on the tank’s water volume and the glass safety factor. Whether they’re large tanks in the public aquariums or small aquariums in your neighbor’s living room, fish tanks always stand out.
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Like other versions of Adblock, the Android app blocks banner, pop. You have to allow your system to install apps from unknown sources. Adblock Plus for Android extends the popular Adblock Plus browser extension to Android devices. The application reroutes your connection to a DNS server where it filters the traffic that only allows queries for hosts, not on the blacklist.ĭownload DNS66 on F-Droid which is a trusted app directory for free and open source Android programs. With the app AdLock for Android, you can securely surf the web and block ads, without any effort on your part. It does not require your mobile device to be rooted. Now, simply toggle the Protection switch and browse the web ad-free.ĭNS66 is an excellent ad blocking app that allows blocking of hostnames via DNS. More security - AdLock prevents phishing. To do that, click on Create Local VPN and Press OK on the prompt pop-up. AdLock for Android - You can easy run apps and web surf without being interrupted by annoying flashing ads. Go to Settings > Site settings > Ads and turn the toggle on. It does not use remote server but traffic routing is done on local device itself. You can block ads on your Android phone by opening Chrome and tapping the three-dot menu button. To block ads, AdGuard uses Local VPN for filtering out ads from Google Chrome browser. In this notification, tap Settings → Allow from this source → Back → Install.Īfter installation, you will be shown this Welcome page. Security Android, Windows App AdLock is a next-generation adblocking software celebrated. If installations from a browser are not allowed, you’ll get a notification. No hacking ROOT Mobile video download - AdLock for Android 1. Tap the downloaded AdGuard APK file and then Install. To Proceed your Device must allow installing Apps from Unknown sources. So, you must install it directly from APK. Please understand that this app cannot be published on Google Play store due to Policy restrictions. There is another variant of AdGuard app available on the official website. However, it's clear to some Dunkin' fans that the filled version is the classic. As Julie's Dining Club explains of the Apple Fritter, "Any Dunkin' Donuts location that finishes the donuts on-site fills them.But if you visit a location that gets them pre-made, they are the traditional style." That "traditional style," means unfilled, at least to Julie. The problem with this donut is something similar to what happens with the Bismark. They asked the question, "How have I had approximately 25 Dunkin' Apple Fritters in my lifetime and only now encountered one with the apple filling?" On TripAdvisor, one fan was begging for the donuts to always have filling, writing, "Dunkin' Donuts Corporate Office should audit all their shops to make sure the Apple Fritters are being made correctly." This donut is another Dunkin' offering where people are passionate enough to ask for a specific version. On Reddit, one user wanted an unfilled donut. It is always sold out.If I were the owner I would definitely increase my stock of what seems to be the most popular item on the menu." We think overall the components of the Bismark make it better than the Bavarian Kreme, but not as good as the Boston Kreme. One reviewer on TripAdvisor wrote, "I love going to Dunkin' for the Bismarck doughnut but can rarely get it. This Dunkin' donut can be hard to find, according to some who have sought it out at the chain. The Bismark donut has a lot of fans, but it tends to let them down. In the Northeast, it can be similar to a Boston Kreme with chocolate icing and Bavarian Kreme filling, resembling an Éclair." That leads to some inconsistencies we would like to avoid. Per Dunkin,' "Down South, this may be called a Long John and could be unfilled and tossed in powdered sugar or cinnamon sugar. Unfortunately, the name and recipe of this donut can change depending on which location you frequent. Without the powdered sugar, it is less messy and has a better texture than the Bavarian Kreme. HuffPost called it, "intensely sweet," warning that it "may send you into an uncomfortable sugar shock." For this reason, its messiness, and its seasonal quality (that makes it hard to try), Brownie Batter stays near the bottom of this list - but it's better than Cupid's Choice. One reviewer said of the donut, "The brownie batter flavored buttercream filling was just super tasty." However, the donut still has its critics. That being said, it may have won over more Dunkin' fans than its pink counterpart. The Brownie Batter Donut came into the hearts and minds of the public at the same time as Cupid's Choice. The filling is very successful, even if it does make for a pretty messy donut. No need to worry about those raw eggs - it's just icing in there. A Dunkin' representative even told The Daily Meal nostalgia was what the company had in mind while making the Brownie Batter donut. Inside of the Brownie Batter donut is a delicious chocolate filling that immediately takes you back to the times you've licked a bowl of brownie batter. Once you take a bite, you'll be able to taste the difference between the 2 donuts. After eating this donut, you'll either need to eat another donut or get a large Dunkin' iced coffee to wash down the dry, flavorless mess that is the Sugared Dunkin' donut. Plus, it's not satisfying in the slightest. It seems like they took a classic like the Powdered Donut and made it worse. There is a measly amount of crunchy sugar on the outside covering a flimsy donut underneath. To start, the flavors are nearly nonexistent. The Sugared Donut is far too boring to place higher on the list. It's not because of this that the Sugared Donut is dead last, but it doesn't help it, either. However, the sugared donut has fewer calories than more popular Dunkin' items, including the Glazed Donut or the Powdered Donut. It doesn't exactly scream health-conscious. Per Dunkin', it has 210 calories, 5 grams of sugar, 24 grams of carbohydrates, and 11 grams of fat. According to Verywell Fit, it's the "most nutritious" donut on the menu. This Dunkin' donut is a staple part of the fried dough offerings at the chain. ITunes has been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. It also improves performance when syncing to an iOS device. With iTunes 12.1 and later, there is a new widget for notification center in OS X Yosemite, which allows the user to see what's playing, skip ahead, and even buy songs from iTunes Radio, right from notification center. On October 16, 2014, Apple released iTunes 12, with a redesigned icon and interface, inspired by OS X Yosemite. Other minor changes included disabling the sidebar by default, and slightly altering the icon to match that of the Mac App Store better. The social element Ping was also removed and replaced by increased Twitter and Facebook integration. With the release of this software, the iTunes Store was redesigned to remain consistent with the new interface, and the stores available on iOS devices. With this change, Cover Flow is no longer available within the application. The new user interface includes a refreshed grid view, which replaces Cover Flow as the default layout method. Media files stored in the cloud don't need to be downloaded before playing, allowing a larger collection to be accessible without increased disk usage. Users' libraries now include all media they have stored in their iCloud account, along with any media unique to the device they are using. This version included tighter integration with iCloud, and a new user interface. Slated for release by the end of October, the launch was pushed back to November 29, 2012. In October 2012, Apple announced the launch of the iPhone 5 and iPad Mini, the refresh of the iPod and Mac lines, and the upcoming release of iTunes 11. Apple CEO Steve Jobs also announced a new logo, one without a CD in the background because of the increasing popularity of iTunes digital downloads. One major feature includes the integration of " iTunes Ping", which brings a social factor to the iTunes experience. The new version was available for download later that day. On September 1, 2010, Apple held their annual music press event where they unveiled an updated version: iTunes 10. Both iTunes LPs and Extras use web-standards HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. Apple added iTunes Extras as well to the store, which adds content usually reserved for films on DVD and Blu-ray discs. It also adds iTunes LPs to the store, which gives additional media with an album. Genius Mixes were added, as well as improved App synchronization abilities, extending the iPod Shuffle 128 kbit/s down-convert feature to all of Apple's AAC-capable devices. ITunes 9 added "Home Share" enabling automatic updating of purchased items across other computers on the same subnet and offers a new iTunes Store UI. Version 8.0 added Genius playlists, grid view, and a new default visualizer. The 64-bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 are not supported by Apple, but a workaround has been devised for both operating systems. iTunes is currently supported under any 64-bit version of Windows, although the iTunes executable was still 32-bit until version 12.1. ITunes lacked support for 64-bit versions of Windows until the 7.6 update on January 16, 2008. In March 2007, iTunes 7.1 added support for Windows Vista, and 7.3.2 was the last Windows 2000 version. Version 7.0 introduced gapless playback and Cover Flow in September 2006. Introduced at Macworld 2005 with the new iPod Shuffle, Version 4.7.1 introduced the ability to convert higher-bitrate songs to 128kbit/s AAC automatically, as these devices did not natively support audio encoded in AIFF or Apple Lossless formats, also improving the value proposition of the Shuffle's limited flash-only storage. In April 2003, version 4.0 introduced the iTunes Store in October, version 4.1 added support for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Version 3 dropped Mac OS 9 support but added smart playlists and a ratings system. Release 2.0 added support for the new iPod. Originally a Mac OS 9-only application, iTunes began to support Mac OS X with the release of version 1.1 in March 2001. Casady & Greene ceased distribution of SoundJam MP on June 1, 2001, at the request of the developers. Macintosh users immediately began poking through iTunes's resource fork, where they discovered numerous strings and other resources that indicated that iTunes was a re-engineered Sound Jam MP. Īpple released version 1.0 of the program under a new name "iTunes" on January 9, 2001, at Macworld San Francisco. At Apple, the developers simplified SoundJam's user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed the program's recording feature and skin support. At the time of the purchase, Kincaid, Jeff Robbin and Dave Heller left Casady & Greene to continue development of the program as Apple employees. Apple purchased the program from Casady & Greene in 2000. Apple based the initial release of iTunes on SoundJam MP, a program developed by Bill Kincaid and released by Casady & Greene in 1999. The first recruit to the band was classically trained Hammond organ player Jon Lord, Curtis's flatmate, who had most notably played with the Artwoods (led by Art Wood, brother of future Faces and Rolling Stones guitarist Ronnie Wood, and including Keef Hartley). Impressed with the plan, Edwards agreed to finance the venture with his two business partners John Coletta and Ron Hire, who comprised Hire-Edwards-Coletta Enterprises (HEC). Curtis' vision was a "supergroup" where the band members would get on and off, like a musical roundabout. In 1967, former Searchers drummer Chris Curtis contacted London businessman Tony Edwards, in the hope he would manage a new group he was putting together, to be called Roundabout. Deep Purple (specifically Blackmore, Lord, Paice, Gillan, Glover, Coverdale, Evans, and Hughes) were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016. The band received the Legend Award at the 2008 World Music Awards. Paice, Glover, Gillan, Airey and McBride comprise the current line-up of Deep Purple.ĭeep Purple were ranked number 22 on VH1's Greatest Artists of Hard Rock programme, and a poll on radio station Planet Rock ranked them 5th among the "most influential bands ever". In 2002 Don Airey replaced Lord, which saw Deep Purple settle into its longest running line-up, unchanged for the next twenty years, until Morse announced his departure from the band in 2022. He was replaced temporarily by Joe Satriani and then permanently by Steve Morse. Mark II definitively ended in late 1993, when Blackmore left Deep Purple for the second and final time. Mark II was revived during 1984–1989 and again during 1992–1993, with Joe Lynn Turner replacing Gillan in the intervening 1989–1992 period. Mark III saw David Coverdale and Glenn Hughes replace Gillan and Glover respectively, while Mark IV featured Tommy Bolin replacing Blackmore. Mark I comprised the founding members of Deep Purple, Ritchie Blackmore (guitar), Rod Evans (vocals), Jon Lord (keyboards), Ian Paice (drums) and Nick Simper (bass), while Mark II was the most commercially successful line-up, with Ian Gillan and Roger Glover replacing Evans and Simper respectively. ĭeep Purple have had several line-up changes and an eight-year hiatus (1976–1984). They were listed in the 1975 Guinness Book of World Records as " the globe's loudest band" for a 1972 concert at London's Rainbow Theatre and have sold over 100 million albums worldwide. Deep Purple (together with Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath) have been referred to as the "unholy trinity of British hard rock and heavy metal in the early to mid-seventies". Originally formed as a psychedelic rock and progressive rock band, they shifted to a heavier sound with their 1970 album Deep Purple in Rock. They are considered to be among the pioneers of heavy metal and modern hard rock, but their musical approach has changed over the years. Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in London in 1968. Cloud backup storage is vital for protecting your digital heirlooms against house fires, burglaries, or ransomware like last week’s Mac Transmission. Get free 10.10.4 iPhoto 9.4.3 original monova originalįull.,"10.12.1.," iPhoto - monova,cloud" format, #phone How to Transfer Photos and Videos from iPhoto to iCloud Drive on Mac? iCloud Drive is a secure place to access all of your photos, videos and documents from Mac. 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He trained as a geologist and has worked as a director of listed companies for over 20 years. Mark Hansen is a director of Market Capital Group Pty Ltd. I would like to thank an associate of mine, who has many years’ experience in metal trading, for assistance with this article. Finally, a further complication arises when intermediaries are engaged to market the concentrate. Any company contemplating concentrate production needs to engage an experienced advisor at the earliest opportunity. They generally comprise the value of the payable contained copper, a refining charge, a deduction for penalty elements and payment for contained precious metals.Ĭoncentrate sales contracts are an absolute minefield for the inexperienced. Blister is generally sold on a CIF basis and sales terms are relatively simple. The custom blister copper market is the smallest. There are also some elements, particularly gold and silver, that are payable.įinally, there will usually be a price participation factor which will allow the smelter to increase the treatment and refining charges should the copper price increase above a pre-determined level. Some elements, such as uranium, could render the concentrate unsaleable. Typical elements which attract a penalty charge are: magnesium, aluminium, chlorine, cobalt, nickel, zinc, arsenic, mercury, selenium, antimony and bismuth. There are also penalty charges for deleterious elements. There is also a refining charge payable as USD per pound or tonne of copper metal. The next deduction will be the treatment charge, payable as USD per dry metric tonne of concentrate. This takes account of smelter losses and will typically be 95% to 97% of the contained copper. Concentrates are typically sold on a CIF, CIFFO (Cost, Insurance, Freight Free Out, buyer pays for unloading) or FOB (Free Onboard Vessel) basis.Ĭoncentrate value is first determined by agreeing upon payable copper content. The concentrate may be smelted to produce blister copper for sale to a custom refinery, or the blister copper may be refined to cathode, which is then sold into the market.Ĭoncentrates sales contracts are specialised and very complex. A typical copper ore would be 0.7% to 2% copper, a typical copper concentrate would grade around 25% to 35% copper.Ĭopper concentrates are either smelted and refined in-house, or sold to custom smelters. Accordingly, sales contract administration and invoicing for cathode is quite straightforward and relatively easy, particularly when compared with the complexities of invoicing and accounting for concentrates sales.Ĭopper concentrates are produced by the beneficiation, or upgrading, of copper ore. There are no other deductions to the value of the contained copper. If the brand is not LME accredited, a discount to the copper price may be negotiated by the buyer. If the cathode is an LME registered brand having met the required quality and physical properties, it can command a price premium. Cathode is usually sold on a CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight) basis and the price for the product is the LME (London Metal Exchange) “A” Grade Copper Price (USD7,124/tonne at the time of writing). It is also used in the production of alloys such as brass and bronze. There are two main sources of cathode: custom smelters that treat copper concentrates and mining operations with “in-house” smelters and, usually, refineries.Ĭathode is the purest form of copper and is the feedstock used to produce copper wire, cable, sheet, strip, tube, etc. A very small amount of high grade copper is mined and direct shipped to a smelter (direct shipping ore, or DSO).Ĭathode comprises all of the refined copper sold, excluding copper scrap. You can read that article here.Ĭopper is sold in three main forms: refined copper cathode copper concentrate and blister copper. A few weeks ago I described the relationship between gross metal value in a concentrate and the net percentage of the gross that a seller will actually receive. |